Ki Hajar Dewantara is a figure who cannot be separated from the history of Indonesian education. As the Father of National Education, his thoughts and struggles have made a great contribution to the advancement of education in Indonesia. This article will discuss more deeply about Ki Hajar Dewantara and his revolutionary thoughts.
Short Biography of Ki Hajar Dewantara
Childhood and Education
Ki Hajar Dewantara, whose real name was Raden Mas Soewardi Soerjaningrat, was born on May 2, 1889 in Yogyakarta. He came from a Javanese aristocratic family. Since childhood, Soewardi showed great interest in education. He studied at ELS (Europeesche Lagere School), equivalent to elementary school at that time, and then continued to STOVIA (School tot Opleiding van Indische Artsen), a medical school for natives.
Struggle Through Writing
In 1908, Ki Hajar Dewantara joined the national movement organization Budi Utomo. He was known as a writer who was critical of the policies of the Dutch colonial government. His writings often criticized the injustices committed by the colonial government against the Indonesian people. One of his famous writings is “If I Were a Dutchman”, which sharply criticized colonial policies.
The thoughts of Ki Hajar Dewantara
Philosophy Tut Wuri Handayani
Ki Hajar Dewantara. One of the most famous educational philosophies of Ki Hajar Dewantara is “Tut Wuri Handayani”. This philosophy means “behind giving encouragement”. Ki Hajar Dewantara believed that a teacher should be able to provide encouragement and guidance to his students from behind, allowing them to develop and learn independently. This philosophy reflects the view that education should encourage students’ independence and creativity.
Tri Sakti Jiwa: Ing Ngarsa Sung Tuladha, Ing Madya Mangun Karsa, Tut Wuri Handayani
Ki Hajar Dewantara’s educational philosophy did not stop at “Tut Wuri Handayani”. He also introduced the concept of “Tri Sakti Jiwa”, which consists of three principles:
- In Ngarsa Sung Tuladha : in front of giving an example.
- Ing Madya Mangun Karsa : in the midst of building enthusiasm.
- Tut Wuri Handayani : from behind giving encouragement.
These principles describe the role of an educator in various situations, whether as a role model, motivator, or mentor.
The Role of Ki Hajar Dewantara in National Education
Founder of Taman Siswa
In 1922, Ki Hajar Dewantara founded Taman Siswa, an educational institution that provided education to indigenous people. Taman Siswa was founded with the aim of providing education that was free from colonial influence and emphasized Indonesian cultural values. Through Taman Siswa, Ki Hajar Dewantara tried to create a more humanistic and nationalistic education system.
Culture Based Education
Ki Hajar Dewantara strongly emphasized the importance of education based on local culture. He believed that education should be able to maintain and develop the nation’s culture. Therefore, the curriculum at Taman Siswa not only teaches science, but also high cultural and moral values.
The Legacy of Ki Hajar Dewantara
Influence on the National Education System
Ki Hajar Dewantara’s thoughts and struggles have had a major impact on the education system in Indonesia. The philosophy and principles he developed are still very relevant today and are the basis for the national education system. “Tut Wuri Handayani” has even become the motto of the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia.
Inspiration for the Next Generation
Ki Hajar Dewantara is not only known as the Father of National Education, but also as an inspiration for many educators and education fighters in Indonesia. His passion and dedication in fighting for independent and humanist education continues to inspire the next generation to continue his struggle.
Ki Hajar Dewantara is a figure who has made great contributions to the development of education in Indonesia. His revolutionary thoughts, such as the philosophy of “Tut Wuri Handayani” and the concept of “Tri Sakti Jiwa”, have provided a strong foundation for the national education system. Through his struggle and dedication, Ki Hajar Dewantara has provided a valuable legacy for the Indonesian nation. Let us continue to remember and appreciate his services in advancing education in Indonesia.
